Few crops are more challenging to pollinate than kiwi. Here’s the reason. For high fruit quality a large number of pollen grains per flower (> 3000) are required. Nectar production in kiwi flowers is generally poor, resulting in low attractiveness to honeybees. Furthermore, kiwi plants are “dioecious” meaning that male and female viable reproductive structures are on separate plants. The only way to set fruit is through cross-pollination. The proportion of non-fruit bearing, and thus “unreproductive” male plants in the orchard is generally limited, e.g. often 1 male plant to 5-8 females is advised. This limits availability of pollen.
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This explains why, in several countries, technologies for pollen collection and assisted pollination have been developed. Both dry and wet pollen spraying techniques are being utilized. Assisted pollination includes both manual and mechanical pollination techniques.
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Assisted pollination techniques do allow to achieve good fruit quality. However, they are often not easy to apply. Growers either need to collect pollen themselves or have to purchase pollen from third parties, which should then be of high quality and disease-free. The pollen needs to be applied on the flowers. This process is labor intensive and often, wasteful in terms of pollen consumption. (e.g. with pollen spraying only a small fraction of the pollen ends up on the flowers).
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The use of hormones as an alternative to actual pollination is also subject to more and more restrictions and is prohibited in certain countries.
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Biobest bumblebees can help address the kiwi pollination challenge. Bumblebees are keen to visit kiwi flowers and will carry large pollen loads and pollinate effectively. They fly at low temperatures and don’t mind the low light intensity which is often found under a dense kiwi canopy. They’ll also work well under nets and plastic tunnels. Biobest also has a technology to deal with situations with insufficient natural presence of pollen. Use Biobest’s patented Flying Doctors? technology. Apply a small amount of pre-collected pollen in the dispenser. Our Flying Doctors? will carry it straight to the female flowers. No pollen wasted. Biobest tested this technology in collaboration with Zespri in Italy and was able to demonstrate optimal pollination. Pollen consumption and labour are only a fraction of what is required with other assisted pollination techniques such as wet or dry spraying.
很少有作物比獼猴桃更難授粉。原因如下。為了獲得高質(zhì)量的果實(shí)，每朵花需要大量的花粉粒（>3000粒）。獼猴桃的花蜜產(chǎn)量普遍較差，導(dǎo)致對蜜蜂的吸引力較低。此外，獼猴桃植物是“雌雄異株”的，這意味著雄性和雌性可行的生殖結(jié)構(gòu)在不同的植物上。結(jié)果的唯一方法是通過異花授粉。果園中不結(jié)果的、因此“不生產(chǎn)”的雄性植物的比例通常是有限的，例如，通常建議1株雄性植物對5-8株雌性植物。這限制了花粉的可用性。
這就解釋了為什么在幾個(gè)國家已經(jīng)開發(fā)了花粉收集和輔助授粉技術(shù)。干式和濕式花粉噴灑技術(shù)都在使用中。輔助授粉包括人工和機(jī)械授粉技術(shù)。
輔助授粉技術(shù)確實(shí)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的果實(shí)質(zhì)量。然而，它們往往不容易應(yīng)用。種植者要么需要自己收集花粉，要么必須從第三方購買花粉，這樣花粉就應(yīng)該是高質(zhì)量、無病的?；ǚ坌枰吭诨ㄉ?。這個(gè)過程是勞動密集型的，而且在花粉消耗方面往往是浪費(fèi)的。（例如，在噴灑花粉的情況下，只有一小部分花粉最終落在花朵上）。
使用激素作為實(shí)際授粉的替代品也受到越來越多的限制，在某些國家被禁止。
Biobest熊蜂可以幫助解決獼猴桃授粉的挑戰(zhàn)。大黃蜂熱衷于觀賞獼猴桃，會攜帶大量花粉并有效授粉。它們在低溫下飛行，并不介意在茂密的獼猴桃樹冠下經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的低光照強(qiáng)度。它們在網(wǎng)和塑料隧道下也能很好地工作。Biobest還擁有一種技術(shù)來處理花粉自然存在不足的情況。使用Biobest的專利飛行醫(yī)生?技術(shù)。在分配器中涂抹少量預(yù)先收集的花粉。我們的飛行醫(yī)生?將把它直接帶到雌花上。沒有浪費(fèi)花粉。Biobest與意大利Zespri合作測試了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，并能夠證明最佳授粉?；ǚ巯暮蛣趧恿χ皇瞧渌o助授粉技術(shù)（如濕噴或干噴）所需的一小部分。
一部英語、法語和意大利語的短片可以展示這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。如需完整信息，請向我們的營銷部門索取我們的授粉信息表KIWI。
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