早春倒春寒會對獼猴桃新梢、花果造成一定危害，并可能引起病害，影響獼猴桃樹的生長和產(chǎn)量。防范低溫危害和受凍后主要補救措施有以下幾個方面：
1、延遲抹芽。植株萌芽后暫緩抹芽工作，低溫來臨可能會對一部分新梢造成損傷，導致不能正常生長，待低溫過后先除去受損新梢，再根據(jù)情況進行抹芽，確保當年的枝條數(shù)和產(chǎn)量。
▲紅心獼猴桃春季抹芽
2、果園澆水。根據(jù)地方氣候變化規(guī)律，易發(fā)生倒春寒的園區(qū)，應在獼猴桃萌芽前后澆水1-2次，可以降低地溫，推遲萌芽。在低溫來臨2-3天前，進行全園灌水，增加果園熱容量，減少果園降溫幅度。
3、樹冠噴水。有條件的果園在架面上架設(shè)噴灌系統(tǒng)，在當天氣溫降到2-3℃時開始噴水，利用水溫維持樹體溫度。
4、果園熏煙。在寒流到來前，在獼猴桃園內(nèi)做好堆柴煙熏的準備，果園行間的上風處每15-20米堆放一個濕柴草堆，每畝堆放6-7個，在夜間氣溫降至2-3℃時點燃，不能起明火，讓煙霧彌漫在整個果園，持續(xù)到天亮，既可減少輻射降溫，又可以增加果園的熱量，達到預防“倒春寒”的作用。
5、加強果園通風。對于沒有熏煙條件的果園，特別是處于低洼地的園區(qū)，為防止冷空氣沉積，要加強果園通風條件。
6、噴施葉面肥。對處于萌芽至開花期的獼猴桃樹，在凍害來臨前，噴水溶性復合肥或0.3％～0.5％的磷酸二氫鉀水溶液，既可以增加樹體抗凍害能力，又可以使樹體在受到凍害后能迅速恢復。
7、噴施防凍劑。在低溫來臨前1-2天，全園噴施防凍劑，能提高新梢抵御低溫凍害的能力，有效減輕凍害損失。
▲Kiwi pollination by honey bee
1、表型變化：葉面萎蔫。
2、生理變化：
a、根系的吸收能力下降，呼吸作用減弱；
b膜系統(tǒng)損傷，細胞膜通透性增加，細胞內(nèi)可溶性物質(zhì)大量外滲，引發(fā)代謝失調(diào)；
c、物質(zhì)代謝失調(diào)，水解酶類活性增強，物質(zhì)分解加速，細胞膜系統(tǒng)受到破壞。
1、加強肥水管理。結(jié)合春季灌溉，對受凍果園澆1次透水，增施磷鉀肥，促使獼猴桃樹體盡快恢復。也可葉面噴1-2次0.2％的尿素和0.2％的磷酸二氫鉀混合液，增加樹體養(yǎng)分，促進副芽萌發(fā)。
2、適時中耕。春灌后結(jié)合施肥進行中耕，提高地溫，促進獼猴桃根系活動和樹體養(yǎng)分供給。
3、保花保果。通過人工授粉等措施保花保果。
4、加強果園病蟲害防治。凍害發(fā)生后，樹體傷口增加，抗性降低，最容易加重病害發(fā)生，及時做好獼猴桃園細菌性潰瘍病、花腐病為主的病蟲害預防工作，提高樹體抗逆性，可選用噻菌銅、春雷霉素、可殺得三千等藥劑交替使用。
5、適當修剪。受凍較重果園，要根據(jù)樹體情況進行短截等適當修剪，同時全園噴施6%寡糖2000倍液或碧護7000倍液等，及時修復受損組織，刺激隱芽萌發(fā)。
6、疏除部分花蕾。受凍果園根據(jù)樹體受凍程度減少負載，及時疏除部分花蕾，加強管理，盡快恢復樹體生
Early spring and late spring cold can cause certain harm to kiwifruit shoots, flowers and fruits, and may also cause diseases, affecting the growth and yield of kiwifruit trees. The main remedial measures to prevent low temperature hazards and after freezing are as follows:
1. Delay sprouting. After the germination of the plant, the sprouting work should be temporarily suspended. The arrival of low temperature may cause damage to some new shoots, resulting in abnormal growth. After the low temperature, the damaged new shoots should be removed first, and then the sprouting should be carried out according to the situation to ensure the number of branches and yield of the year.
2. Watering the orchard. According to the laws of local climate change, parks that are prone to experiencing late spring cold should be watered 1-2 times before and after kiwifruit sprouting to reduce soil temperature and delay sprouting. 2-3 days before the onset of low temperatures, irrigate the entire orchard to increase its heat capacity and reduce the extent of cooling.
3. The tree canopy sprays water. Conditional orchards install sprinkler systems on their shelves, starting to spray water when the weather temperature drops to 2-3 ℃, using water temperature to maintain the temperature of the trees.
▲獼猴桃電動授粉槍
4. Orchard smoking. Before the arrival of the cold wave, prepare to stack firewood and smoke in the kiwifruit orchard. Stack a wet stack of firewood and grass every 15-20 meters on the windward side of the orchard row, with 6-7 stacks per acre. Ignite it at night when the temperature drops to 2-3 ℃, without open flames, allowing smoke to spread throughout the orchard until dawn. This can reduce radiation cooling and increase the heat of the orchard, achieving the effect of preventing "late spring cold".
5. Strengthen the ventilation of the orchard. For orchards without smoking conditions, especially those located in low-lying areas, in order to prevent cold air deposition, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation conditions of the orchard.
6. Spray foliar fertilizer. For kiwifruit trees in the germination to flowering stage, spraying water-soluble compound fertilizer or 0.3% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution before freezing damage can not only increase the tree's resistance to freezing damage, but also enable the tree to quickly recover after being damaged by freezing.
7. Spray antifreeze. Spraying antifreeze throughout the garden 1-2 days before the arrival of low temperatures can improve the ability of new shoots to resist low temperature freezing damage and effectively reduce freezing damage losses.
▲大型電動獼猴桃授粉設(shè)備
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